See lesen in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Alemannic German",
"lang_code": "gsw",
"word": "läse"
},
{
"lang": "Alemannic German",
"lang_code": "gsw",
"word": "lääse"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cimbrian",
"lang_code": "cim",
"word": "lesan"
},
{
"lang": "Cimbrian",
"lang_code": "cim",
"raw_tags": [
"Sette Comuni"
],
"word": "lèzan"
}
],
"lang": "Bavarian",
"lang_code": "bar",
"word": "lesn"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "lesen"
},
{
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"lang_code": "lb",
"word": "liesen"
},
{
"lang": "Vilamovian",
"lang_code": "wym",
"word": "łaoza"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "goh",
"3": "lësan",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old High German lësan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "goh",
"3": "lësan"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old High German lësan",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*lesan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *lesan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*lesaną",
"t": "to collect"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *lesaną (“to collect”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "to read"
},
"expansion": "“to read”",
"name": "m-g"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "la",
"3": "legō",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "semantic loan from Latin legō",
"name": "semantic loan"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old High German lësan, from Proto-West Germanic *lesan, from Proto-Germanic *lesaną (“to collect”). The sense “to read”, found throughout North and West Germanic except English, is a semantic loan from Latin legō.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lësen",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "liset",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "las",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gelësen",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "lære",
"tags": [
"past",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hān",
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmh-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "5 strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "hān",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"form": "lësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "lësennes",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "lësenes",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "lësenne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "lësene",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "lësende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gelësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ich lise",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wir lësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ich lëse",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "wir lësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "du lisest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ir lëset",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "du lësest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ir lëset",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ër liset",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sie lësent",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ër lëse",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "sie lësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ich las",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wir lāren",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "ich lære",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "wir læren",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "du lære",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ir lāret",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "du lærest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ir læret",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ër las",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sie lāren",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "ër lære",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "sie læren",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "lis (du)",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lëset (ir)",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmh-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "5 strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "hān",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"form": "ich hān gelësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wir hān gelësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ich habe gelësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "wir haben gelësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "du hāst gelësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ir hāt gelësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "du habest gelësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ir habet gelësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ër hāt gelësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sie hānt gelësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ër habe gelësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "sie haben gelësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ich habete gelësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wir habeten gelësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ich habete gelësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "wir habeten gelësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "du habetest gelësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ir habetet gelësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "du habetest gelësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ir habetet gelësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ër habete gelësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sie habeten gelësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ër habete gelësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "sie habeten gelësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "lësen süln",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"infinitive",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "ich sul lësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "wir suln lësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "du sule lësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "ir sulet lësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "ër sul lësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "sie suln lësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "ich sol lësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wir sulen lësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ich sölte lësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "ich sölde lësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "wir sölten lësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "wir sölden lësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "du solt lësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ir sulet lësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "du söltest lësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "du söldest lësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "ir söltet lësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "ir söldet lësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "ër sol lësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sie sulen lësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ër sölte lësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "ër sölde lësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "sie sölten lësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "sie sölden lësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "gelësen hān süln",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"infinitive",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "ich sul gelësen hān",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "wir suln gelësen hān",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "du sule gelësen hān",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "ir sulet gelësen hān",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "ër sul gelësen hān",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "sie suln gelësen hān",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "ich sol gelësen hān",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wir sulen gelësen hān",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ich sölte gelësen hān",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "ich sölde gelësen hān",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "wir sölten gelësen hān",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "wir sölden gelësen hān",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "du solt gelësen hān",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ir sulet gelësen hān",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "du söltest gelësen hān",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "du söldest gelësen hān",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "ir söltet gelësen hān",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "ir söldet gelësen hān",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "ër sol gelësen hān",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sie sulen gelësen hān",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ër sölte gelësen hān",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "ër sölde gelësen hān",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "sie sölten gelësen hān",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "sie sölden gelësen hān",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lësen<las,gelësen,lære,lār.hān>"
},
"expansion": "lësen (class 5 strong, third-person singular present liset, past tense las, past participle gelësen, past subjunctive lære, auxiliary hān)",
"name": "gmh-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lësen<las,gelësen,lære,lār.hān>"
},
"name": "gmh-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to read, to read aloud"
],
"id": "en-lesen-gmh-verb-qFi-2VjW",
"links": [
[
"read",
"read"
]
],
"tags": [
"class-5",
"strong"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to examine"
],
"id": "en-lesen-gmh-verb-qTSbkndp",
"links": [
[
"examine",
"examine"
]
],
"tags": [
"class-5",
"strong"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "22 29 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle High German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 30 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle High German verbs using hān as auxiliary",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to collect"
],
"id": "en-lesen-gmh-verb-AUBYFnUb",
"links": [
[
"collect",
"collect"
]
],
"tags": [
"class-5",
"strong"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɛs̠ən/",
"note": "before 13ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "lesen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle High German class 5 strong verbs",
"Middle High German entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle High German lemmas",
"Middle High German semantic loans from Latin",
"Middle High German strong verbs",
"Middle High German terms derived from Latin",
"Middle High German terms derived from Old High German",
"Middle High German terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle High German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle High German terms inherited from Old High German",
"Middle High German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle High German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle High German terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Middle High German verbs",
"Middle High German verbs using hān as auxiliary",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Alemannic German",
"lang_code": "gsw",
"word": "läse"
},
{
"lang": "Alemannic German",
"lang_code": "gsw",
"word": "lääse"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cimbrian",
"lang_code": "cim",
"word": "lesan"
},
{
"lang": "Cimbrian",
"lang_code": "cim",
"raw_tags": [
"Sette Comuni"
],
"word": "lèzan"
}
],
"lang": "Bavarian",
"lang_code": "bar",
"word": "lesn"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "lesen"
},
{
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"lang_code": "lb",
"word": "liesen"
},
{
"lang": "Vilamovian",
"lang_code": "wym",
"word": "łaoza"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "goh",
"3": "lësan",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old High German lësan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "goh",
"3": "lësan"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old High German lësan",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*lesan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *lesan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*lesaną",
"t": "to collect"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *lesaną (“to collect”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "to read"
},
"expansion": "“to read”",
"name": "m-g"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "la",
"3": "legō",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "semantic loan from Latin legō",
"name": "semantic loan"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old High German lësan, from Proto-West Germanic *lesan, from Proto-Germanic *lesaną (“to collect”). The sense “to read”, found throughout North and West Germanic except English, is a semantic loan from Latin legō.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lësen",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "liset",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "las",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gelësen",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "lære",
"tags": [
"past",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hān",
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmh-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "5 strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "hān",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"form": "lësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "lësennes",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "lësenes",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "lësenne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "lësene",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "lësende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gelësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ich lise",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wir lësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ich lëse",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "wir lësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "du lisest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ir lëset",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "du lësest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ir lëset",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ër liset",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sie lësent",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ër lëse",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "sie lësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ich las",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wir lāren",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "ich lære",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "wir læren",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "du lære",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ir lāret",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "du lærest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ir læret",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ër las",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sie lāren",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "ër lære",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "sie læren",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "lis (du)",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lëset (ir)",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmh-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "5 strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "hān",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"form": "ich hān gelësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wir hān gelësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ich habe gelësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "wir haben gelësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "du hāst gelësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ir hāt gelësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "du habest gelësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ir habet gelësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ër hāt gelësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sie hānt gelësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ër habe gelësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "sie haben gelësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ich habete gelësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wir habeten gelësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ich habete gelësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "wir habeten gelësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "du habetest gelësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ir habetet gelësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "du habetest gelësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ir habetet gelësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ër habete gelësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sie habeten gelësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ër habete gelësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "sie habeten gelësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "lësen süln",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"infinitive",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "ich sul lësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "wir suln lësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "du sule lësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "ir sulet lësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "ër sul lësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "sie suln lësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "ich sol lësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wir sulen lësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ich sölte lësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "ich sölde lësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "wir sölten lësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "wir sölden lësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "du solt lësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ir sulet lësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "du söltest lësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "du söldest lësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "ir söltet lësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "ir söldet lësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "ër sol lësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sie sulen lësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ër sölte lësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "ër sölde lësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "sie sölten lësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "sie sölden lësen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "gelësen hān süln",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"infinitive",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "ich sul gelësen hān",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "wir suln gelësen hān",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "du sule gelësen hān",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "ir sulet gelësen hān",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "ër sul gelësen hān",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "sie suln gelësen hān",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "ich sol gelësen hān",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wir sulen gelësen hān",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ich sölte gelësen hān",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "ich sölde gelësen hān",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "wir sölten gelësen hān",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "wir sölden gelësen hān",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "du solt gelësen hān",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ir sulet gelësen hān",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "du söltest gelësen hān",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "du söldest gelësen hān",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "ir söltet gelësen hān",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "ir söldet gelësen hān",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "ër sol gelësen hān",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sie sulen gelësen hān",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ër sölte gelësen hān",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "ër sölde gelësen hān",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "sie sölten gelësen hān",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "sie sölden gelësen hān",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lësen<las,gelësen,lære,lār.hān>"
},
"expansion": "lësen (class 5 strong, third-person singular present liset, past tense las, past participle gelësen, past subjunctive lære, auxiliary hān)",
"name": "gmh-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lësen<las,gelësen,lære,lār.hān>"
},
"name": "gmh-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to read, to read aloud"
],
"links": [
[
"read",
"read"
]
],
"tags": [
"class-5",
"strong"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to examine"
],
"links": [
[
"examine",
"examine"
]
],
"tags": [
"class-5",
"strong"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to collect"
],
"links": [
[
"collect",
"collect"
]
],
"tags": [
"class-5",
"strong"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɛs̠ən/",
"note": "before 13ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "lesen"
}
Download raw JSONL data for lesen meaning in Middle High German (18.0kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'genitive gerund'",
"path": [
"lesen"
],
"section": "Middle High German",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "lesen",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'dative gerund'",
"path": [
"lesen"
],
"section": "Middle High German",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "lesen",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: lesen/Middle High German 'i' base_tags={'plural', 'indicative', 'strong'}",
"path": [
"lesen"
],
"section": "Middle High German",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "lesen",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: lesen/Middle High German 'i' base_tags={'error-unrecognized-form', 'plural', 'indicative', 'strong'}",
"path": [
"lesen"
],
"section": "Middle High German",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "lesen",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: lesen/Middle High German 'i' base_tags={'error-unrecognized-form', 'plural', 'indicative', 'strong'}",
"path": [
"lesen"
],
"section": "Middle High German",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "lesen",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: lesen/Middle High German 'ii' base_tags={'error-unrecognized-form', 'plural', 'indicative', 'strong'}",
"path": [
"lesen"
],
"section": "Middle High German",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "lesen",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: lesen/Middle High German 'ii' base_tags={'error-unrecognized-form', 'plural', 'indicative', 'strong'}",
"path": [
"lesen"
],
"section": "Middle High German",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "lesen",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: lesen/Middle High German 'ii' base_tags={'error-unrecognized-form', 'plural', 'indicative', 'strong'}",
"path": [
"lesen"
],
"section": "Middle High German",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "lesen",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle High German dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-03-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-03-03 using wiktextract (05c257f and 9d9a410). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.